<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<metadata>
  <idinfo>
    <citation>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>U.S. Geological Survey</origin>
        <pubdate>20220928</pubdate>
        <title>US Topo 7.5-minute map for Wanatah, IN</title>
        <geoform>map, raster digital data</geoform>
        <pubinfo>
          <pubplace>Rolla, MO and Denver, CO</pubplace>
          <publish>USGS - National Geospatial Technical Operations Center (NGTOC)</publish>
        </pubinfo>
      </citeinfo>
    </citation>
    <descript>
      <abstract>US Topo map converted from GeoPDF/Geospatial PDF to GeoTIFF. Geospatial data included in each map varies, but may include orthoimagery, roads, grids, geographic names, elevation contours, hydrography, and other selected map features. US Topo GeoPDF maps were designed specifically for the capability to turn individual layers on and off. GeoTIFFs do not provide for that capability and thus, certain layers will not be available on the GeoTIFFs that are available in the PDFs. The selection of layers to show on the GeoTIFFs was based solely on cartographic design, and so it is recommended that the PDF be downloaded if there is interest in the full set of layers. For each PDF published since October 2013, two GeoTIFFs are available. PDF maps published prior to that date are not available in GeoTIFF. Both GeoTIFFs exclude shaded relief, woodland, and several Federal Administrative Land boundary layers (National Cemetery, Department of Defense, Bureau of Land Management, Fish and Wildlife and Native Lands) specifically for reasons of clarity based upon the cartographic design. One of the GeoTIFFs has the orthoimage layer turned off, and the other has the orthoimage turned on. In the latter case, contours and wetlands layers also are turned off, again for cartographic clarity. Data layers not included in the GeoTIFFs can be added to the map depiction in a GIS by downloading the associated file from The National Map (TNM), or by linking to a map service. For example, the woodland polygon data layer is available for download. This data was derived and generalized from the National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) which is also available as a map service from TNM provide a woodland representation.</abstract>
      <purpose>This map depicts geographic features on the surface of the earth. It is a general purpose map for users who are not GIS experts. One
        intended purpose is to support emergency response at all levels of government.</purpose>
      <supplinf>GNIS Cell ID = 47401</supplinf>
    </descript>
    <timeperd>
      <timeinfo>
        <rngdates>
          <begdate>19790214</begdate>
          <enddate>20220912</enddate>
        </rngdates>
      </timeinfo>
      <current>publication date</current>
    </timeperd>
    <status>
      <progress>Complete</progress>
      <update>Irregular</update>
    </status>
    <spdom>
      <bounding>
        <westbc>-87.0</westbc>
        <eastbc>-86.875</eastbc>
        <northbc>41.5</northbc>
        <southbc>41.375</southbc>
      </bounding>
    </spdom>
    <keywords>
      <theme>
        <themekt>ISO 19115 Topic Category</themekt>
        <themekey>imageryBaseMapsEarthCover</themekey>
        <themekey>EarthCover</themekey>
        <themekey>Imagery and Base Maps</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>None</themekt>
        <themekey>topographic</themekey>
        <themekey>transportation</themekey>
        <themekey>structures</themekey>
        <themekey>geographic names</themekey>
        <themekey>hydrography</themekey>
        <themekey>boundary</themekey>
        <themekey>Public Land Survey System</themekey>
        <themekey>woodland</themekey>
        <themekey>orthoimage</themekey>
        <themekey>contour</themekey>
        <themekey>U.S. National Grid</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>The National Map Product Format Thesaurus</themekt>
        <themekey>Geospatial PDF</themekey>
      </theme>
      <place>
        <placekt>Geographic Names Information System</placekt>
        <placekey>US</placekey>
        <placekey>Indiana</placekey>
        <placekey>LaPorte County</placekey>
        <placekey>Porter County</placekey>
      </place>
    </keywords>
    <accconst>None</accconst>
    <useconst>This product may be freely copied, redistributed, and printed. Most content is derived from public domain data with no reuse
      constraints. The primary exceptions are the orthoimage layers for maps in Alaska and Hawaii, which are copyrighted and have some reuse
      restrictions; see the relevant data source sections (srcinfo tag) in this file. US Topo maps with dates 2010-2015 may contain commercial road
      data that is also copyrighted with use restrictions; see the credit note and metadata file for individual products. Even maps that contain
      copyrighted data may be freely used and redistributed, provided the appropriate copyright notices are retained; normal fair-use principles
      apply. Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since these data were collected and some data may no longer represent
      actual surface conditions. Users should not use these data for critical applications without a full awareness of their limitations.
      Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey is appreciated for products derived from these data.</useconst>
  </idinfo>
  <dataqual>
    <attracc>
      <attraccr>Cartographic content is derived from USGS national geospatial databases. Most the data are owned and hosted by the USGS, but this does
        not preclude using data sources owned or hosted by other organizations, provided that these sources have been approved by the USGS data
        program.</attraccr>
    </attracc>
    <logic>Two GeoTIFF maps converted from each US Topo layered PDF map published since October 2013.</logic>
    <complete>Feature content is extracted from the USGS national geospatial databases. These data are intended to be cartographically complete at the scales that the map is produced, 1:24,000 scale in the conterminous 48 states and Hawaii, 1:25,000 scale in Alaska, and 1:20,000 scale in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.</complete>
    <posacc>
      <horizpa>
        <horizpar>US Topo map products in GeoPDF are compiled to meet National Map Accuracy Standards (NMAS). NMAS horizontal accuracy requires that at least 90 percent of well-defined points tested are within 0.02 inch of the true position. In this product, the projection line, grids, and orthoimage are believed to meet NMAS. Positional accuracy of the other data layers is less controllable because of diversity of data sources, and may not meet NMAS. The digital GeoTIFF version of the map was created with a methodology that preserves, but does not exceed, the accuracy of the original GeoPDF/Geospatial PDF map.</horizpar>
      </horizpa>
      <vertacc>
        <vertaccr>Vertical accuracy report: US Topo contours are derived from the USGS 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) 1/3 arc-second DEM data. Accuracy
          of 3DEP is inherited from various sources. These data sources vary in vertical accuracy depending on time of collection, collection method,
          control accuracy and density, and local terrain relief. The overall absolute vertical accuracy of the 1/3 arcsecond DEM data, as tested
          against GPS control, is about 3 meters at 95% confidence level (National Standards for Spatial Data Accuracy). US Topo contours are derived
          from the DEMs to generally meet National Map Accuracy Standards (90% of well-defined points in reasonably level terrain test within one-half
          contour interval of the true ground elevation); however, actual vertical accuracies of individual US Topo quadrangles may not meet that
          standard. Quadrangles containing collar notes stating contours "May not meet National Map Accuracy Standards" are in areas where the source
          is known to be questionable for meeting NMAS for the stated contour interval.</vertaccr>
      </vertacc>
    </posacc>
    <lineage>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>U.S. Geological Survey</origin>
            <pubdate>20220928</pubdate>
            <title>City and Town Hall Buildings</title>
            <geoform>vector digital data</geoform>
            <othercit>This dataset contains points representing city hall and town hall government buildings in the U.S., This dataset contains points representing city 
			  hall and town hall government buildings in the U.S., Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. This includes a building or building complex that serves as a 
			  primary location for a local or municipal government’s administrative functions.  These buildings are generally called City Hall, Town Hall, Village Hall, 
			  Municipal Building, Municipal Center, City Building or similar designation.   The purpose of this dataset is to document the spatial location of such buildings 
			  for general cartographic representation purposes on USGS mapping products at 1:24,000 scale.  Supplemental information: Excluded are county, state, or federal 
			  level administration buildings or historical buildings that are no longer used for government administration. This dataset is dynamic and not complete at this 
			  time. Additions and updates are provided by volunteers through the USGS' The National Map Corps (TNMCorps) crowdsourcing project. 
              Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or 
			  utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.</othercit>
            <onlink>https://www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/national-geospatial-program/national-map</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <srcscale>24000</srcscale>
        <typesrc>digital data</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>20210531</begdate>
              <enddate>20210531</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>ground condition</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>Structures - City/Town Hall</srccitea>
        <srccontr>Geographic features and feature names</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>U.S. Geological Survey, National Geospatial Technical Operations Center - 3D Elevation Program is a component of a comprehensive base geospatial data model</origin>
            <pubdate>20220928</pubdate>
            <title>Hypsography</title>
            <geoform>Vector digital data</geoform>
            <othercit>This contour featureclass was generated from the 1/3 arc-second version of the 3D Elevation Program. The intended
							viewing scale for these features is 1:24,000. The contours are derived from a filtered elevation raster to achieve
							smoother arcs. In some areas, the 3DEP data may be modified by the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) flow lines and water
							bodies to facilitate improved integration between the hypsography and hydrography on USGS map products. These contours
							were generated primarily for use as a layer in GeoPDFs created in the digital mapping program. The raster data source of
							contours is the 3D Elevation Program 1/3 arc-second layer. Secondary datasets include the high resolution flow lines,
							water bodies, and areas from the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). The NHD layers are used in hydro-enforcement of the
							DEM prior to contour generation. The goals of the hydro-enforcement are to prevent contour lines from extending over the
							surface of water bodies and to align the contour reentrants with the NHD single- line streams. The 3DEP raster cells are
							converted to points. Those points, along with the NHD flow lines are input into an interpolation tool to create a new
							surface. The NHD water bodies and areas are preprocessed to attach the minimum and maximum elevation to each polygon. From
							these precalculated values, an appropriate value is calculated by which to raise the elevation cells under the NHD
							polygons. The NHD polygons are then converted into rasters, which in turn will be used to generate a mosaic that includes
							the new raster surface. The mosaic is filtered to provide smoother contour lines. Contours are generated and depression
							and index contours are identified. There is no guarantee or warranty concerning the accuracy of the data. Users should be
							aware that temporal changes may have occurred since these data were collected and generated and that some parts of these
							data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Hydro-enforcement and generalization can also significantly alter
							the spatial characteristics of the contours. Users should not use these data for critical applications without a full
							awareness of its limitations.</othercit>
            <onlink>https://www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/ngp/3dep</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <srcscale>24000</srcscale>
        <typesrc>digital data</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>20160607</begdate>
              <enddate>20160607</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>publication date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>Hypsography</srccitea>
        <srccontr>Contours</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>U.S. Geological Survey</origin>
            <pubdate>20220928</pubdate>
            <title>Land Cover - Woodland</title>
            <geoform>Vector digital data</geoform>
            <othercit>The Woodland Tint is a derivative land cover product created using the most recent National Land Cover Database (NLCD) raster data, 
			  as well as vector data from the National Hydrography Dataset and National Transportation Dataset. For CONUS, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico/U.S. Virgin Islands, 
			  NLCD Tree Canopy Cover is masked with NLCD Percent Developed Imperviousness (values from 1-100). The resulting dataset with Tree Canopy Cover of 20-100% is 
			  used as the input raster to generate woodland polygons. For Alaska, 3 values (41 -Deciduous Forest, 42 - Evergreen Forest, and 43 - Mixed Forest) are extracted 
			  from NLCD Land Cover to create the input raster used to generate woodland polygons. The woodland polygons are masked with buffered Transportation (Roads, Airport 
			  Runways, and Railroads) and Hydrography (NHD Areas excluding Inundation Area and NHD Waterbodies excluding Swamp/Marsh). The resulting polygons are checked for 
			  scale appropriate size (minimum size of one acre), and the small woodland polygons as well as small clearings within the woodland polygons are deleted. Resulting 
			  woodland vector polygons are smoothed via the PAEK Algorithm.</othercit>
            <onlink>https://nationalmap.gov</onlink>
            <onlink>https://www.mrlc.gov/</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <srcscale>24000</srcscale>
        <typesrc>digital data</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>20010101</begdate>
              <enddate>20110101</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>publication date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>Land Cover - Woodland</srccitea>
        <srccontr>National Landcover Dataset; National Hydrography Dataset; National Transportation Dataset</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, USDA Forest Service, and other Federal, State and local partners. National Hydrography Dataset is a component of a comprehensive base geospatial data model.</origin>
            <pubdate>20220928</pubdate>
            <title>Hydrography</title>
            <geoform>vector digital data</geoform>
            <othercit>The National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) is a feature-based database that interconnects and uniquely identifies the
							stream segments or reaches that make up the nation's surface water drainage system. The high-resolution NHD was originally
							created using 1:24,000-scale data. State and Local Stewards are improving the data by incorporating local updates based on
							more current and more accurate source data. Water features in the real world are relatively dynamic and the differences at
							the time of data collection mean that water features may not register exactly to other layers. The hydrographic feature
							names contained in and displayed by the NHD are extracted and validated from the Geographic Names Information System
							(GNIS). Spatial objects may be filtered or generalized to achieve a 1:24,000-scale representation.</othercit>
            <onlink>https://www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/ngp/national-hydrography</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <srcscale>24000</srcscale>
        <typesrc>digital data</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>20031203</begdate>
              <enddate>20220912</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>publication date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>Hydrography</srccitea>
        <srccontr>Hydrography features and feature names</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>Federal Railroads Administration</origin>
            <pubdate>20220928</pubdate>
            <title>Transportation, FRA Railroads</title>
            <geoform>Vector digital data</geoform>
            <othercit>Railroads are acquired annually from the FRA Rail lines and sidings are converted into the National Transportation Dataset. The rail lines layer represents the freight lines of the nation's railroad system. The data set covers all 50 states and the District of Columbia, as well as territories and possessions of the United States. No rail lines exist in American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, and the Virgin Islands of the US.</othercit>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <srcscale>24000</srcscale>
        <typesrc>digital data</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>20210729</begdate>
              <enddate>20210729</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>publication date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>Federal Railroads Administration</srccitea>
        <srccontr>Main track centerlines</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>Federal Aviation Administration</origin>
            <pubdate>20220928</pubdate>
            <title>Transportation, FAA Airports, Runways, Seaplane Bases, Heliports</title>
            <geoform>Vector digital data</geoform>
            <othercit>Airport points and runway polygons are for Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)-recognized public and private airports in the United States. USGS updates the National Transportation Dataset (NTD) airports, runways approximately bi-monthly from FAA’s modification reports.  In April 2020, USGS started creating the seaplane base and heliport layers. FAA is the primary source for seaplane bases and heliports. The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency provided heliport updates for IN, KY, MI, MS, OH, and TN. Digital data were inspected for attribute accuracy, spatial accuracy, and completeness.</othercit>
            <onlink>https://www.faa.gov</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <srcscale>24000</srcscale>
        <typesrc>digital data</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>20200504</begdate>
              <enddate>20210622</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>publication date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>Transportation - Airports</srccitea>
        <srccontr>runways</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>Various government agencies and volunteer organizations</origin>
            <pubdate>20220928</pubdate>
            <title>Transportation, Recreational Trails</title>
            <geoform>Vector digital data</geoform>
            <othercit>Recreational trails were first added to US Topo maps in 2013. The trails displayed on the US Topo are from multiple government agencies. Accuracy and currency vary by source and are the responsibility of the data owner. USGS evaluates the authoritativeness of the source but does not independently verify data accuracy. USGS does not modify the trails data except to remove duplicate trails and in some cases trails coincident with roads. Users should always consult local agencies for the most current trail information.                         
              
              This is not a complete dataset and is subject to change at any time. Content will be added as data become available from land management agencies and other authoritative sources. This metadata section documents data sources for all maps, not this specific map. Trails listed here may not be present on all relevant maps due to schedule differences between data delivery and US Topo production schedules. US Topo does not portray access and travel management information about specific trails. Feature-level metadata is not provided in the US Topo product and there is no link between a line on the map and the source of that specific trail.  
              
              Trails on federal lands were provided by U.S. Forest Service (USFS), National Park Service (NPS), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). The sources of National Scenic Trails (NST) include: Continental Divide NST provided by the Continental Divide Trail Coalition in cooperation with the USFS; New England NST provided by NPS and the Appalachian Mountain Club; Ice Age NST provided by the volunteer organization Ice Age Trail Alliance in cooperation with NPS and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; Pacific Crest NST provided by USFS; Appalachian NST published by the Appalachian Trail Conservancy in cooperation with NPS and USFS; North Country NST provided by NPS; Arizona NST data published by AZGEO Clearinghouse in cooperation with USFS; Pacific Northwest NST provided by USFS; Natchez Trace NST provided by NPS; Florida NST provided by the USFS; Potomac Heritage NST provided by NPS. National Scenic Trails will have breaks in the network. This is due to lack of coverage provided by the trail source or a removal of trails coincident with roads. In some cases, USGS will replace a segment of NST on federal or state lands if the land management agency provides a more accurate trail centerline than the original NST source. The replaced segment will be designated as a National Scenic Trail. 
              
              Trails from state partners are included and provided by the State departments of Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation, Parks and Wildlife, or similar departments. This data includes AK, AR, CA, CO, CT, IA, ID, IN, KY, MI, MO, ND, NE, NJ, OH, TN, TX, UT, WA, WV.  Additional state partner data will be integrated into the Trails dataset over time and may not be listed here. 
              
              Some US Topo products may display trails provided by the International Mountain Bicycling Association (IMBA); however, IMBA trails are being phased out of USGS products and will not be shown on future versions of the map.</othercit>
            <onlink>https://nationalmap.usgs.gov</onlink>
            <onlink>https://www.nps.gov/ncrc/programs/nts/nts_trails.html</onlink>
            <onlink>https://www.pnts.org</onlink>
            <onlink>https://www.fws.gov/gis/data/national/</onlink>
            <onlink>https://data.fs.usda.gov/geodata/edw/datasets.php?dsetCategory=transportation</onlink>
            <onlink>https://landscape.blm.gov/geoportal/catalog/BLMNational/BLMNational.page</onlink>
            <onlink>https://appalachiantrail.org/; https://www.iceagetrail.org/; https://aztrail.org/the-trail/; https://continentaldividetrail.org/; https://www.pnt.org/; https://newenglandtrail.org/; https://www.nps.gov/natt/index.htm</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <srcscale>24000</srcscale>
        <typesrc>digital data</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>20200317</begdate>
              <enddate>20200317</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>publication date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>Recreational Trails</srccitea>
        <srccontr>Trail centerline, trail name, trail use type; availability of trail name and use type varies by source.</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division</origin>
            <pubdate>20220928</pubdate>
            <title>Transportation, Census Roads</title>
            <geoform>vector digital data</geoform>
            <othercit>Dataset source is Census Bureau MAF/TIGER database extracts in the form of TIGER/Line Shapefiles. The TIGER/Line shapefiles and related database files are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S.  Census Bureau's Master Address File/Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). The MTDB represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line shapefile is designed to stand alone as an independent dataset, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation. The U.S. Geological Survey filters Census roads to remove driveways and short local unnamed road segments which are less than 500 feet in length. The USGS National Transportation Dataset functional road classification system is applied to the Census datasets. The functional road class includes, limited access highway, secondary highway, local connector, local road 4wd, tunnel, ferry route, and closed. Closed roads were approved in 2020 to align with USFS schema and will be incorporated into the NTD in 2021. The original TIGER/Line Shapefile products are not copyrighted however TIGER/Line and Census TIGER are registered trademarks of the U.S. Census Bureau. The horizontal spatial accuracy information present in the TIGER/Line shapefiles is provided for the purposes of statistical analysis and census operations only and the data may not be suitable for high-precision measurement applications. Full metadata for TIGER/Line shapefiles is available from U.S. Census Bureau.</othercit>
            <onlink>https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography.html</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <srcscale>24000</srcscale>
        <typesrc>digital data</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>20160111</begdate>
              <enddate>20160111</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>publication date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>Roads - Census</srccitea>
        <srccontr>Road centerlines, route numbers, road classification, street names</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>U.S. Census Bureau</origin>
            <pubdate>20220928</pubdate>
            <title>State and Equivalent Boundary</title>
            <geoform>vector digital data</geoform>
            <othercit>The Census Bureau collects boundaries from state and county governments through the Boundary and Annexation Survey, and
              publishes the results as TIGER files. The USGS uses the TIGER data without editing or alteration.</othercit>
            <onlink>https://www.census.gov/geographies/mapping-files/time-series/geo/tiger-line-file.html</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <typesrc>digital data</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>20210201</begdate>
              <enddate>20210201</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>publication date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>State Boundaries</srccitea>
        <srccontr>State and Equivalent Boundary</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>U.S. Census Bureau</origin>
            <pubdate>20220928</pubdate>
            <title>County and Equivalent Boundary</title>
            <geoform>vector digital data</geoform>
            <othercit>The Census Bureau collects boundaries from state and county governments through the Boundary and Annexation Survey (BAS), and
              publishes the results as TIGER files. The USGS uses the TIGER data without editing or alteration for US Topo.</othercit>
            <onlink>https://www.census.gov/geographies/mapping-files/time-series/geo/tiger-line-file.html</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <typesrc>digital data</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>20190601</begdate>
              <enddate>20210201</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>publication date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>County Boundaries</srccitea>
        <srccontr>County and Equivalent Boundary</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>U.S. Dept. of Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Division of Support Services, Branch of Information Resource Management</origin>
            <pubdate>20220928</pubdate>
            <title>Public Land Survey System</title>
            <geoform>vector digital data</geoform>
            <othercit>The PLSS information is for general reference purposes only, and should not be used to determine legal boundaries or land
              ownership. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is the authoritative source for PLSS information at the federal level, and the US Topo
              representation is derived from BLM GIS data files called Cadastral National Spatial Data Infrastructure or CadNSDI. The management of
              these data is not completely uniform throughout the country. Although this metadata record is included with all maps, PLSS is currently
              shown on US Topo Maps for only a few states. PLSS will be added to US Topo maps in more states in coming years as BLM authorized CadNSDI
              format is made available. The three layers USGS stores from PLSS are the Township, First Division and Special Surveys. Metadata for BLM
              PLSS data is at https://navigator.blm.gov/home, though this URL may change in the near future. Alternate
              sources of PLSS data will continued to be served mainly in western states where BLM is the data steward or the data is from a trusted
              source. Notes on individual states follow,----Alaska PLSS consists of protracted (computed, not surveyed) data only. For more
              information see http://sdms.ak.blm.gov/sdms/data_protracted_grid_gis.html ----Ohio was the original PLSS state in the early 1800s, and
              the land network there is unusually complex. The source data include four first-division parcel types. These are all shown on US Topo
              maps, and are labeled according to BLM's attribution, with a leading letter followed by either a number or more letters. The meanings of
              the leading letters are S=Section, F=Fractional Section, L=Lot, Q=Quarter Township.</othercit>
            <onlink>https://sdms.ak.blm.gov/sdms/</onlink>
            <onlink>https://navigator.blm.gov/home</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <srcscale>24000</srcscale>
        <typesrc>digital data</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>20200701</begdate>
              <enddate>20200701</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>publication date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>Public Land Survey System - BLM</srccitea>
        <srccontr>Townships and ranges, sections</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>State and Federal Partners, updates from The National Map Corp volunteers</origin>
            <pubdate>20220928</pubdate>
            <title>Fire Stations</title>
            <geoform>vector digital data</geoform>
            <othercit>This dataset contains points representing building locations of fire stations in the United States, District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Included are manned fire stations and buildings from which a fire response occurs, such as a volunteer fire department building to which fire fighters report for duty, but which is not continuously manned. Some locations are approximate. Locations solely for storing or maintaining fire equipment, or fire stations without a permanent location, or locations with only administrative functions are generally excluded. This data set may not be complete and is subject to change at any time.</othercit>
            <onlink>https://nationalmap.usgs.gov</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <srcscale>24000</srcscale>
        <typesrc>digital data</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>20220206</begdate>
              <enddate>20220214</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>ground condition</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>Structures - Fire Stations</srccitea>
        <srccontr>Geographic features and feature names</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>State and Federal Partners, updates from USGS' The National Map Corps volunteers</origin>
            <pubdate>20220928</pubdate>
            <title>Schools</title>
            <geoform>Vector digital data</geoform>
            <othercit>The schools within this dataset are composed of Public elementary and secondary education in the US as defined and tracked by
              the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), Common Core Dataset (CCD). Private schools in this dataset are composed of Private
              elementary and secondary education in the US as defined by the Private School Survey, NCES. The colleges and Universities are composed
              of postsecondary education facilities as defined by the Integrated Post Secondary Education System (IPEDS), NCES. Included are Doctoral
              and Research Universities, Masters Colleges and Universities, Baccalaureate Colleges, Associates Colleges, Theological seminaries,
              Medical schools and other health care professions, schools of engineering and technology, business and management, art, music, design,
              Law schools, Teachers colleges, Tribal colleges and other specialized institutions. Changes to base school data may occur through the
              USGS' The National Map Corps Volunteer Geographic Information project.</othercit>
            <onlink>https://nationalmap.usgs.gov</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <srcscale>24000</srcscale>
        <typesrc>None</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>20080101</begdate>
              <enddate>20081231</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>ground condition</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>Structures - Schools</srccitea>
        <srccontr>Geographic features and feature names</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>For the conterminous 48 states - National Agriculture Image Program (NAIP) administered by the Aerial Photography Field Office (APFO) for the United States Department of Agriculture.</origin>
            <pubdate>20220928</pubdate>
            <title>Orthoimagery - CONUS</title>
            <geoform>Raster digital data or Digital Orthorectified Image or NAIP Digital Ortho Photo Image or Raster digital data or Digital
              Orthorectified Image</geoform>
            <othercit>An orthorectified image is a layer in every product and is provided by the USDA-FSA-APFO from the National Agriculture Image
              Program (NAIP) in the conterminous US. This offers the USGS a consistent image product for the conterminous 48 states, normally with a
              one meter resolution in natural color, though resolution varies by collection date, and higher-res source data may be downsampled to 1
              or 1.5 meter resolution for US Topo maps. The NAIP image in this product is public domain with no reuse constraints.</othercit>
            <onlink>https://www.fsa.usda.gov/programs-and-services/aerial-photography/imagery-programs/naip-imagery/</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <srcscale>24000</srcscale>
        <typesrc>digital data</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>20200606</begdate>
              <enddate>20200606</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>publication date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>Imagery</srccitea>
        <srccontr>Image</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>U.S. Geological Survey</origin>
            <pubdate>20220928</pubdate>
            <title>Cemeteries</title>
            <geoform>Vector digital data</geoform>
            <othercit>This dataset contains point features representing cemeteries. This includes a place or area for burying the dead or storing ashes; such as cemetery, 
			  burial ground, grave, graveyard, memorial garden, mausoleum, columbarium, or crypt. The purpose of the dataset is to portray spatial locations and feature names on 
			  USGS mapping products at 1:24,000-scale. Base data was derived from the Cemetery feature class within the U.S. Board on Geographic Names Geographic Names Information 
			  System (GNIS). Updates and additions are provided by volunteers of the USGS’ The National Map Corps. Only cemetery features with a name and coordinate are included. 
			  Locations may be approximate. This dataset is not complete and is subject to change at any time. Although these data have been sampled for accuracy and completeness, no 
			  warranty expressed or implied is made regarding data currency or display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the 
			  act of distribution constitute any such warranty.</othercit>
            <onlink>https://www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/national-geospatial-program/national-map</onlink>
            <onlink>https://www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/ngp/board-on-geographic-names</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <srcscale>24000</srcscale>
        <typesrc>digital data</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>20191219</begdate>
              <enddate>20200205</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>publication date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>Structures - Cemeteries</srccitea>
        <srccontr>Geographic features and feature names</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>State and Federal Partners, updates from The National Map Corp volunteers</origin>
            <pubdate>20220928</pubdate>
            <title>Post Offices</title>
            <geoform>vector digital data</geoform>
            <othercit>Locations designated as a Post Office by the U.S. Postal Service (USPS). The dataset includes those locations which are operated by USPS personnel and offer retail counter services. A Contract Postal Unit (CPU) is generally excluded except for Community Post Office (CPO). Some Remotely Managed Post Office and Village Post Office locations may be included. This dataset may not be complete and is subject to change at any time.</othercit>
            <onlink>https://nationalmap.usgs.gov</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <srcscale>24000</srcscale>
        <typesrc>digital data</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>20181024</begdate>
              <enddate>20181024</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>ground condition</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>Structures - Post Offices</srccitea>
        <srccontr>Geographic features and feature names</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>U.S. Geological Survey</origin>
            <pubdate>20220928</pubdate>
            <title>Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)</title>
            <geoform>Vector digital data</geoform>
            <othercit>The Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) is the Federal and national standard for geographic nomenclature. The U.S.
              Geological Survey developed the GNIS in support of the U.S. Board on Geographic Names as the official repository of domestic geographic
              names data, the official vehicle for geographic names use by all departments of the Federal Government, and the source for applying
              geographic names to Federal electronic and printed products.</othercit>
            <onlink>https://usgs.gov/geonames</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <srcscale>24000</srcscale>
        <typesrc>digital data</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>19790214</begdate>
              <enddate>20220607</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>publication date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>Geographic Names</srccitea>
        <srccontr>Geographic feature names</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</origin>
            <pubdate>20220928</pubdate>
            <title>Wetlands - Emergent and Forest/Shrub</title>
            <geoform>vector digital data</geoform>
            <othercit>This data set represents the extent, approximate location and type of wetlands and deepwater habitats in the United States and
              its Territories. While the Fish and Wildlife Service produces a variety of wetland categories, only two (Emergent and Forest/Shrub
              wetlands as defined by Cowardin et al. (1979)) are included on US Topo Maps.The emergent wetlands depicted do not include lakes, rivers,
              open water ponds, deepwater marine and estuarine features or non-vegetated, farmed, intermittent and temporarily flooded wetlands. The
              goal is to provide a visual depiction of the approximate location and extent of Emergent and Forest/Shrub wetlands. Digital wetlands
              data are intended for use with base maps and digital aerial photography at a scale of 1:12,000 or smaller. Due to the scale, the primary
              intended use is for data display on the US Topo Maps. This data display is not intended for analysis. The map products were neither
              designed or intended to represent legal or regulatory products. Questions or comments regarding the interpretation or classification of
              wetlands can be addressed by visiting https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/FAQs.html These data were developed in conjunction with the
              publication Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
              States. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC. FWS/OBS-79/31. For more information on the wetland
              classification codes visit https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Data/Wetland-Codes.html. Note that coastline delineations were drawn to follow
              the extent of wetland features as described by this project and may not match the coastline shown in other base maps.</othercit>
            <onlink>https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/</onlink>
            <onlink>https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/FAQs.html</onlink>
            <onlink>https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Data/Wetland-Codes.html</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <typesrc>digital data</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>19800101</begdate>
              <enddate>19800101</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>publication date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>Wetlands - Emergent and Forest/Shrub</srccitea>
        <srccontr>Spatial information</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>U.S. Geological Survey</origin>
            <pubdate>20220928</pubdate>
            <title>Shaded Relief</title>
            <geoform>raster digital data</geoform>
            <othercit>The Shaded relief is a derivative elevation product created from the USGS 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) 1/3 arc-second DEM data.
              First there are five separate shaded relief datasets created from the original data. Each shaded relief has different azimuths and
              altitude values as follows: 00 450, 1350 600, 2700 450, 3150 450, 450 450. These five datasets are then combined into one feature class
              using map algebra to compute the raster layers using the following equation shadedrelief1 + shadedrelief2 + shadedrelief3 +
              (shadedrelief4 x 2) + shaded relief5 \ 6. This equation gives double importance to the 3150 azimuth and 450 elevation.</othercit>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <srcscale>24000</srcscale>
        <typesrc>digital data</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>2017</begdate>
              <enddate>2017</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>publication date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>Shaded Relief</srccitea>
        <srccontr>3D Elevation Program</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>U.S. Geological Survey</origin>
            <pubdate>20220928</pubdate>
            <title>Grids and Coordinate System</title>
            <geoform/>
            <othercit>Geographic Coordinate, U.S. National Grid, and UTM grid values are displayed along the map projection. For Standards and Specifications on 
			  USNG visit https://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/usng/fgdc_std_011_2001_usng.pdf</othercit>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <srcscale>24000</srcscale>
        <typesrc>raster data</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>Publication Date</begdate>
              <enddate>Publication Date</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>publication date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>Grids and Coordinate Systems</srccitea>
        <srccontr>U.S. National Grid, UTM grid.</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <procstep>
        <procdesc>All geospatial content is taken from national geospatial databases under the stewardship of USGS data programs. The NAIP and SPOT imagery is provided by a seamless tile service that delivers image data at a predetermined resolution and quality. The raster and vector data, including grids and collar information, are processed using ESRI ArcGIS software and exported as a geospatial PDF using ESRI ArcGIS software. Map formatting is performed using a custom application, which includes post-processing to embed the metadata XML document and legend. The final GeoTIFF produced from the PDF is downsampled to 300 PPI, compressed, and zipped with an external metadata file. In addition, the projection of the GeoTIFFs are modified to accommodate a rotation of the maps so that the data frame is square to the page(the central meridian is shifted, modifying the projection from Universal Transverse Mercator to Transverse Mercator). All properties of the original PDF projection are retained. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government</procdesc>
        <procdate>20220928</procdate>
      </procstep>
    </lineage>
  </dataqual>
  <spdoinfo>
    <direct>Raster</direct>
  </spdoinfo>
  <spref>
    <horizsys>
      <planar>
        <mapproj>
          <mapprojn>Transverse Mercator</mapprojn>
          <transmer>
            <sfctrmer>0.9996</sfctrmer>
            <longcm>-86.9375</longcm>
            <latprjo>0.0</latprjo>
            <feast>500000</feast>
            <fnorth>0.0</fnorth>
          </transmer>
        </mapproj>
        <planci>
          <plance>coordinate pair</plance>
          <coordrep>
            <absres>2</absres>
            <ordres>2</ordres>
          </coordrep>
          <plandu>meters</plandu>
        </planci>
      </planar>
      <geodetic>
        <horizdn>North American Datum of 1983</horizdn>
        <ellips>Geodetic Reference System 80</ellips>
        <semiaxis>6378137</semiaxis>
        <denflat>298.2572221</denflat>
      </geodetic>
    </horizsys>
    <vertdef>
      <altsys>
        <altdatum>North American Vertical Datum of 1988</altdatum>
        <altres>3</altres>
        <altunits>meters</altunits>
        <altenc>Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates</altenc>
      </altsys>
    </vertdef>
  </spref>
  <eainfo>
    <overview>
      <eaover>This is a general-purpose design and layout quadrangle map based on the traditional USGS quadrangle cells. The domain is a standard 
	    7.5-minute cell. The scale is 1:24,000.</eaover>
      <eadetcit>For general information on US Topo maps, refer to the National Geospatial Program US Topo Product Standard, 2011.</eadetcit>
    </overview>
  </eainfo>
  <metainfo>
    <metd>20220928</metd>
    <metc>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntorgp>
          <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey, National Geospatial Technical Operations Center</cntorg>
          <cntper>Not Provided</cntper>
        </cntorgp>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>
          <address>1400 Independence Road</address>
          <city>Rolla</city>
          <state>MO</state>
          <postal>65401</postal>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>
          <address>Box 25046 Denver Federal Center</address>
          <city>Lakewood</city>
          <state>CO</state>
          <postal>80225</postal>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>1-888-ASK-USGS (1-888-275-8747)</cntvoice>
        <cntemail>https://www.usgs.gov/ask/</cntemail>
        <hours>Monday through Friday 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM</hours>
        <cntinst>Metadata information can also be obtained through online services using The National Map Viewer, at https://nationalmap.gov or EarthExplorer,
		  at https://earthexporer.usgs.gov or Ask USGS at https://www.usgs.gov/ask.</cntinst>
      </cntinfo>
    </metc>
    <metstdn>FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata</metstdn>
    <metstdv>FGDC-STD-001-1998</metstdv>
  </metainfo>
</metadata>
